The Indus Basin Irrigation System: The World’s Largest Canal System

The Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) in Pakistan is the world’s largest contiguous irrigation network, supporting over 14 million hectares of agricultural land. This article explores the historical development, key components, and challenges facing the IBIS, such as waterlogging, salinity, sedimentation, and climate change impacts. It also discusses future prospects and recommendations for sustaining this critical resource vital to Pakistan’s agriculture, economy, and food security.

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The Engineering Marvels of the Nabataeans: How the Petra Civilization Mastered Water Management

Discover the remarkable engineering feats of the Nabataeans, who transformed the arid desert landscape of Petra into a thriving city through innovative water management systems. Learn how they mastered the collection, storage, and distribution of water, enabling Petra to become a major hub of trade and culture in the ancient world.

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Urban Planning and Architecture of the Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization, flourishing around 3300 to 1300 BCE, is renowned for its advanced urban planning and architectural achievements. This article explores the key aspects of their grid layout, sophisticated drainage and sanitation systems, residential and public buildings, and the overall architectural innovations that defined one of the world’s earliest urban societies.

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