The history of Judaism and Christianity is a complex narrative marked by both profound conflict and significant cooperation. This comprehensive research paper examines the origins and development of the rift between these two Abrahamic faiths, beginning with the emergence of Christianity from Judaism in the first century CE. It explores the theological divergences that led to their separation, including differing messianic expectations and views on religious law. The paper delves into periods of persecution, such as the Roman destruction of the Second Temple, the Crusades, and medieval anti-Semitism, as well as moments of intellectual exchange and dialogue. The impact of the Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment, and modernity on Jewish-Christian relations is analyzed, highlighting shifts towards tolerance and emancipation. The Holocaust and its aftermath are discussed, particularly the significant steps towards reconciliation and interfaith dialogue initiated by the Second Vatican Council. The paper also addresses contemporary issues, including the diverse Christian perspectives on the State of Israel and ongoing efforts in interfaith initiatives. Through this detailed exploration, readers gain insight into the historical complexities and evolving dynamics of Jewish-Christian relations.
