Deep Learning Explained: Perceptron, MLP, Forward & Backpropagation, Activation Functions, Loss & Optimization

A comprehensive deep learning guide for beginners and advanced learners — explore perceptrons, multi-layer neural networks (MLP), forward & backward propagation, activation functions, loss functions, and optimization techniques with clear diagrams, equations, and step-by-step explanations that make complex concepts easy to grasp.

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The Qur’anic Theory of Wisdom: A Universal, Psychological, Philosophical and Metaphysical Study of Ḥikmah

A deep scholarly exploration of Ḥikmah as described in the Qur’an, examining how divine bestowal, human striving, psychology, neuroscience, and global philosophies converge to explain the emergence of true wisdom. This article explains why the Qur’anic model remains the most comprehensive framework for understanding human consciousness, moral clarity, and transformative insight.

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The Qur’an, Science, and the Origin of Life: Water, Consciousness, and the Limits of Human Knowledge

This long-form column examines the Qur’an’s claim that all life originates from water and how modern science supports this truth. It explores the cosmic meaning of primordial water, the evolution of the human body, the mystery of consciousness, and the inner architecture of the soul, self, heart, and life-force. It also shows where science and philosophy reach their limits—and why the Qur’an provides the most coherent explanation beyond them.

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The Future of AI and Human: Conflict, Catastrophe, and the Architecture of Prevention

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) transitions from narrow, task-specific applications to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and potential Superintelligence (ASI), the dynamics of human-machine interaction will undergo a fundamental phase shift. This paper explores the theoretical and practical dimensions of future AI-human conflicts, focusing specifically on the “alignment problem” and the existential risks posed by a superintelligent agent compromising global cyber-physical infrastructure. We analyze the mechanisms of “instrumental convergence”—whereby an AI system seemingly hacks all machines not out of malice, but as a rational strategy to acquire resources—and the resulting conflict of interest between human preservation and machine optimization. Finally, we propose a multi-layered architecture of prevention, encompassing technical safety research, international governance, and hardware-level constraints designed to mitigate the risk of a singleton takeover.

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